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• start/English/verb

start/English/verb

• 1: start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}
• 1: start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}
• 1: start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}

start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}

start (English verb) start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}

start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}

start (English verb) start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}

start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}

start (English verb) start/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}: {"antonyms": [{"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to stop", "word": "stop"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "end"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "cease"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”; to finish", "word": "finish"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "conclude"}, {"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”", "word": "complete"}], "categories": ["American Sign Language terms in nonstandard scripts", "English adverbs", "English control verbs", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English ergative verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English raising verbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "North Levantine Arabic terms with redundant script codes", "Pages with 15 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Dutch translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Mandarin translations", "Requests for review of Romanian translations", "Requests for review of Romansch translations", "Requests for review of Swedish translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t", "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)t/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with American Sign Language translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Mari translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mizo translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Neapolitan translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Santali translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shan translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Sranan Tongo translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "en:Buttons"], "derived": [{"word": "astart"}, {"word": "bump-start"}, {"word": "get in the boat and start rowing"}, {"word": "kick start"}, {"word": "never start a land war in Asia"}, {"word": "push-start"}, {"word": "self-starting"}, {"word": "start a family"}, {"word": "start afresh"}, {"word": "start a fresh hare"}, {"word": "start a hare"}, {"word": "start a hare running"}, {"word": "start back"}, {"word": "start back in"}, {"word": "start back on"}, {"word": "starter"}, {"word": "start from where you are"}, {"word": "start in"}, {"word": "starting post"}, {"word": "start in on"}, {"word": "start into"}, {"word": "start on at"}, {"word": "start over"}, {"word": "start the ball rolling"}, {"word": "start-up"}, {"word": "start up on"}, {"word": "start with a clean sheet"}, {"word": "start with a clean slate"}, {"word": "to start with"}, {"word": "when the looting starts, the shooting starts"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "1"}, "expansion": "¹", "name": "sup"}, {"args": {"1": "yue", "2": "撻", "bor": "1", "id": "start", "tr": "taat¹"}, "expansion": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Dutch: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Dutch: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "de", "2": "starten", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ German: starten", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ German: starten"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nrf", "2": "stèrter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norman: stèrter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norman: stèrter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fr", "2": "starter", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ French: starter", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ French: starter"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "is", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Icelandic: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Icelandic: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "fo", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Faroese: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Faroese: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nb", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "nn", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "starta", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Swedish: starta", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Swedish: starta"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "da", "2": "starte", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Danish: starte", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Danish: starte"}, {"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "sk", "2": "štartovať", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Slovak: štartovať", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Slovak: štartovať"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sterten", "t": "to leap up suddenly, rush out"}, "expansion": "Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "styrtan", "t": "to leap up, start"}, "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*sturtijan", "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ter-", "t": "to be stiff"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "stirta", "t": "to fall down, tumble"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "sterten", "t": "to rush, fall, collapse"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "storten"}, "expansion": "Dutch storten", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sturzen", "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"}, "expansion": "Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "stürzen"}, "expansion": "German stürzen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "sterzan", "t": "to be stiff, protrude"}, "expansion": "Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.", "forms": [{"form": "starts", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "starting", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "started", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a stream of water; to start a rumour; to start a business", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30", "text": "I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse."}, {"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:", "text": "In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["motion", "motion"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To set in motion."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:", "text": "Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To begin."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start the engine", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"], ["ready", "ready"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine."], "senseid": ["en:to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion)."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex:", "text": "Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "links": [["begin", "begin"], ["commence", "commence"], ["initiate", "initiate"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.", "To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The rain started at 9:00.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:", "text": "Thinks I to myself, “Sol, you're run off your course again. This is a rich man's summer ‘cottage’ […].” So I started to back away again into the bushes. But I hadn't backed more'n a couple of yards when I see something so amazing that I couldn't help scooching down behind the bayberries and looking at it.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To begin an activity."], "links": [["activity", "activity"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To begin an activity."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The speed limit is 50 km/h, starting at the edge of town.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The blue line starts one foot away from the wall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To have its origin (at), begin."], "links": [["have", "have"], ["origin", "origin"], ["begin", "begin"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:", "text": "But if he start,\n It is the flesh of a corrupted heart.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v], page 257, column 2:", "text": "I could a Tale vnfold, vvhoſe lighteſt vvord\n VVould harrovv vp thy ſoule, freeze thy young blood,\n Make thy tvvo eyes like Starres, ſtart from their Spheres,\n Thy knotty and combined locks to part,\n And each particular haire to ſtand an end,\n Like Quilles vpon the fretfull Porpentine: […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):", "text": "I start as from some dreadful dream.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:", "text": "Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXXI:", "text": "[...] The tempest's mocking elf\n Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf\n He strikes on, only when the timbers start.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 139:", "text": "Suddenly his eye fell on the screen that he had placed in front of the portrait, and he started.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "links": [["jerk", "jerk"], ["surprise", "surprise"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 100:", "text": "I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; [...]", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To awaken suddenly."], "links": [["awaken", "awaken"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To awaken suddenly."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The hounds started a fox.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:", "text": "Upon malicious bravery dost thou come\n To start my quiet?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "links": [["disturb", "disturb"], ["cause", "cause"], ["move", "move"], ["startle", "startle"], ["alarm", "alarm"], ["rouse", "rouse"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1836, Elizur Wright, Quarterly Anti-slavery Magazine, volume 2, page 162:", "text": "Physical poison would make them start from arsenicked bread; shall not the moral poison which is in it, make them start more promptly still from slave produce?", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To flinch or draw back."], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(intransitive) To flinch or draw back."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgicall Treatises, London: […] E. Flesher and J. Macock, for R[ichard] Royston […], and B[enjamin] Took, […], →OCLC:", "text": "One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "links": [["suddenly", "suddenly"], ["displace", "displace"], ["loosen", "loosen"], ["dislocate", "dislocate"]], "raw_glosses": ["To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.", "(transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Fanny Hill", "ref": "1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 76:", "text": "[...] we could, with the greateſt eaſe, as well as clearneſs, ſee all objects, (ourſelves unſeen) only by applying our eyes cloſe to the crevice, where the moulding of a pannel had warp'd, or ſtarted a little on the other ſide.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To break away, to come loose."], "links": [["come", "come"], ["loose", "loose"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To break away, to come loose."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs", "en:Sports"], "examples": [{"ref": "2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 361:", "text": "The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2024 May 6, Sid Lowe, “Portu’s brilliant burst seals Girona’s top-four fairytale in the perfect way”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:", "text": "“Look at Portu,” Michel insisted, “he scores goals and I never start him. He says: ‘You’re sinking me, but OK, I’ll just go out and score again.’”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To put into play."], "links": [["sports", "sports"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, sports) To put into play."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["hobbies", "lifestyle", "sports"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Nautical"], "examples": [{"text": "to start a water cask", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "links": [["nautical", "nautical"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from."], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["nautical", "transport"]}, {"categories": ["English euphemisms", "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Have you started yet?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "links": [["period", "period"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation)."], "tags": ["euphemistic", "intransitive"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/stɑːt/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-start.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-start.wav.ogg"}, {"audio": "En-uk-to start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg/En-uk-to_start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-uk-to_start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "En-us-start.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg/En-us-start.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-start.ogg"}, {"enpr": "stärt", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stɑɹt/", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "[stäɹt]", "tags": ["Canada"]}, {"ipa": "/stæɹt/", "note": "Ottawa Valley"}, {"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)t"}], "translations": [{"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to begin"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "badaʔa", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بَدَأَ"}, {"code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "raw_tags": ["Lebanese Arabic"], "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "ary", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bdā", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "bada", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بدا"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ballaš", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "بلّش"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksel", "sense": "to begin", "word": "սկսել"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ahurhescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ãnchisescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "apãrnjescu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ntsep"}, {"code": "as", "lang": "Assamese", "roman": "arombho kor", "sense": "to begin", "word": "আৰম্ভ কৰ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamaq"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "пача́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačynácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "пачына́цца"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pačácca", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "пача́цца"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zapóčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запо́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčvam", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "по́чвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "póčna", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "по́чна"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ca.", "sense": "to begin", "word": "စ"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "chr", "lang": "Cherokee", "roman": "adaleniha", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᎠᏓᎴᏂᎭ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hoi¹ ci²", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "kāishǐ", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始 /开始"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začít"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "nizuor"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "entamer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comença"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dac̣q̇eba", "sense": "to begin", "word": "დაწყება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "dustōdjan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "𐌳𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "xekinó", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ξεκινώ"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "árkhomai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ἄρχομαι"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to begin", "word": "komanse"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "śurū karnā", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू करना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "megkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "byrja"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "noissa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "käyvvä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "lähtiä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "aluttaa"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "täytyä"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ruveta"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cuir tús le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "cominciare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniziare"}, {"alt": "はじめる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimeru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["transitive"], "word": "始める"}, {"alt": "かいしする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kaishi suru", "sense": "to begin", "word": "開始する"}, {"alt": "はじまる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive"], "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sijak-hada", "sense": "to begin", "word": "시작하다"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "incipiō"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ordior"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to begin", "word": "initiō"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tīmata"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "surū karṇe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "सुरू करणे"}, {"code": "mhr", "lang": "Eastern Mari", "roman": "tüŋalaš", "sense": "to begin", "word": "тӱҥалаш"}, {"code": "ne", "lang": "Nepali", "roman": "śurū garnu", "sense": "to begin", "word": "शुरू गर्नु"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Hallig"], "word": "öönfange"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "begynne"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "to begin", "word": "maad-"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to begin", "word": "onġinnan"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "âğâzidan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "آغازیدن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Brazil"], "word": "estartar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹ", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "нача́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "sat", "lang": "Santali", "roman": "ehop’", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ᱮᱦᱳᱵ"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to begin", "word": "tòisich"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "по̀че̄ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "започети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начнути"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "начети"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "pòčēti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načnuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "načeti"}, {"code": "shn", "lang": "Shan", "roman": "tàae", "sense": "to begin", "word": "တႄႇ"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminzari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "začať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "začínať"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to begin", "word": "začeti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "srn", "lang": "Sranan Tongo", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bigin"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to begin", "word": "-anza"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "syl", "lang": "Sylheti", "roman": "śuru xora", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠣ"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "to begin", "word": "magsimula"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่ม"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "rə̂əm-dtôn", "sense": "to begin", "word": "เริ่มต้น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "to begin", "word": "ตั้งต้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to begin", "word": "başlamak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počáty", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["perfective", "transitive"], "word": "поча́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počynátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "почина́тися"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "počátysja", "sense": "to begin", "tags": ["intransitive", "perfective"], "word": "поча́тися"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to begin", "word": "scuminsiar"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to begin", "word": "bắt đầu"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śuru kora", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "শুরু করা"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "puskam", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "пускам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "rumor", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "laskea liikkeelle"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comezar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "anfangen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "streuen (rumour)"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "gründen"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "elindít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "indít"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "timata"}, {"code": "lus", "lang": "Mizo", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ṭan"}, {"code": "nap", "lang": "Neapolitan", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "accumencià"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starte"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "ruszyć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "abrir"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "începe"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to set in motion", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "zapustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "pustiti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "navesti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "empezar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "comenzar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to set in motion", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "işə salmaq"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "startiram", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "стартирам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "engegar"}, {"code": "cic", "lang": "Chickasaw", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "malichi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qǐdòng", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "启动"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "käynnistää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["colloquial"], "word": "startata"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "démarrer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "mettre en route"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "anlassen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "note": "e.g. an engine", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "beindít"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "shidō suru", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "始動する"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "menjalankan"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["Jersey"], "topics": ["computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "sciences", "physical-sciences", "natural-sciences"], "word": "stèrter"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "uruchomić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapalić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zapuścić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "porni"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapuskátʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "запуска́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zapustítʹ", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "запусти́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "pokrenuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "fari pàrtiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "aḍḍumari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "zagnati"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "iniciar"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "arrancar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "starta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "sätta igång"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "kiḷappu", "sense": "to initiate operation of a vehicle or machine", "word": "கிளப்பு"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to put or raise a question or objection, to put forward", "word": "esittää"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aangaan"}, {"code": "ase", "lang": "American Sign Language", "note": "1@InFinger-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh 1@InFinger-PalmUp-OpenB@CenterChesthigh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "sksvel", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "սկսվել"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "započvam", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "започвам"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "starten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aanvangen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "eki"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "komenci"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "alkaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "aloittaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "of motors", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "käynnistyä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "commencer"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "débuter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "beginnen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hitkhíl", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "התחיל"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "patsákh", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "פצח"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "elkezd"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "kezd"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "creare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "avviare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hajimaru", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "始まる"}, {"code": "ckb", "lang": "Central Kurdish", "roman": "despêkirdin", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "دەسپێکردن"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "c'menchi"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "comencier"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zacząć"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "rozpocząć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "começar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načinátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "начина́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "načátʹsja", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "нача́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "startovátʹ", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "стартова́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "početi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "započeti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "attaccari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "accuminciari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "nnartari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "ncignari"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "of an activity, to begin", "word": "börja"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "començar"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "kezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "elkezdődik"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "megkezdődik"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to have its origin (at), begin", "word": "pàrtiri"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "trepvam", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "трепвам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sepvam se", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "сепвам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rykke til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "opschrikken"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ekkonsterniĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "konsterniĝe resalti"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hveppa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hätkähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sursauter"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenfahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "zusammenzucken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerándul"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "megrezzen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "összerezzen"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hrökkva við"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "bikuttosuru", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "びくっとする"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohomauri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohorere"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "ohotata"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hiki"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "whilst asleep", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kōtiri"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "hoto"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "kohema"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "poderwać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "sobressaltar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórgatʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дёргаться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "djórnutʹsja", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "дёрнуться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vzdragivatʹ", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "вздрагивать"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "leum"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trznuti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "trgnuti"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "abbaguttiri"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to jerk suddenly in surprise", "word": "rycka till"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strjaskam se", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "стряскам се"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "vågne med et sæt"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "säpsähtää"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "havahtua"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "herätä äkisti"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "auffahren"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "aufschrecken"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "felriad"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "hrökkva upp"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "tobi-okiru", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "飛び起きる"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zerwać się (z łóżka)"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to awaken suddenly", "word": "risautari"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "komme løs"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "løsrive sig"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "irrota"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "sich lösen"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to break away, to come loose", "word": "allintari"}], "word": "start"}